The law of obligations focuses on the contract and tort aspects of private law, which are dealt with by the civil courts.
Unlike in criminal trials where prosecution against a defendant is brought by the State, claims in civil trials are brought by the victim (the claimant) against the alleged wrongdoer (the defendant). Remedies for breach of contract and tortious wrongdoing is often monetary compensation.
Contract Law:
Contract law imposes obligations upon parties that have voluntary agreements to uphold their duties and/or responsibilities under the contract.
Tort Law:
Torts are obligations that are owed by default under the law. A person who commits a tortious act is liable to compensate the victim.
Often, torts are categorised based on the harm that they have inflicted on the victim. EG: Assault / battery, trespass, nuisance, defamation, negligence etc.
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